The 44 Phonemic Sounds in English for Spelling

When supporting children in learning the sounds of the English language, remember to choose words that demonstrate all 44 word-sounds or phonemes. English contains 19 vowel sounds—5 short vowels, 6 long vowels, 3 diphthongs, 2 oo sounds, and 3 r-controlled vowel sounds—and 25 consonant sounds. The following lists provide sample words to use when teaching the sounds of the English language. You may choose to find more words to fill out word families or align with sight vocabulary lists such as a Dolch Word List. Your learners will benefit most from terms that are familiar to them or make sense in their life. The 5 Short Vowel Sounds The five short vowel sounds in English are a, e, i, o, and u. short a: and, as, and aftershort e: pen, hen, and lendshort i: it and inshort o: top and hopshort u: under and cup Remember that these sounds are not necessarily indicative of spelling. Note that the above words all contain the vowel whose sound they make but this is not always the case. A word might sound as if it contains a certain vowel that is not there. Examples of words whose short vowel sounds do not correspond with their spelling are busy and does. The 6 Long Vowel Sounds The six long vowel sounds in English are a, e, i, o, u, and oo. long a: make and takelong e: beet and feetlong i: tie and lielong o: coat and toelong u (pronounced yoo): music and cutelong oo: goo and droop Examples of words whose long vowel sounds do not correspond with their spelling are they, try, fruit, and few. The R-Controlled Vowel Sounds An r-controlled vowel is a vowel whose sound is influenced by the r that comes before it. The three r-controlled vowel sounds are ar, er, and or. ar: bark and darker: her, bird, and furor: fork, pork, and stork It is important that students pay close attention to the er sound in words because it can be created by an r-controlled e, i, or u. These vowels are all transformed into the same sound when an r is attached to the end of them. More examples of this include better, first, and turn. The 18 Consonant Sounds The letters c, q, and x are not denoted by unique phonemes because they are found in other sounds. The c sound is covered by k sounds in words like crust, crunch, and create and by s sounds in words like cereal, city, and cent (the c is found in the spelling of these words only but does not have its own phoneme). The q sound is found in kw words like backward and Kwanza. The x sound is found in ks words like kicks. b: bed and badk: cat and kickd: dog and dipf: fat and figg: got and girlh: has and himj: job and jokel: lid and lovem: mop and mathn: not and nicep: pan and playr: ran and rakes: sit and smilet: to and takev: van and vinew: water and wenty: yellow and yawnz: zipper and zap The Blends Blends are formed when two or three letters combine to create a distinct consonant-sound, often at the beginning of a word. In a blend, the sounds from each original letter are still heard, they are just blended quickly and smoothly together. The following are common examples of blends. bl: blue and blowcl: clap and closefl: fly and flipgl: glue and glovepl: play and pleasebr: brown and breakcr: cry and crustdr: dry and dragfr: fry and freezegr: great and groundpr: prize and pranktr: tree and trysk: skate and skysl: slip and slapsp: spot and speedst: street and stopsw: sweet and sweaterspr: spray and springstr: stripe and strap The 7 Digraph Sounds A digraph is formed when two consonants come together to create an entirely new sound that is distinctly different from the sounds of the letters independently. These can be found anywhere in a word but most often the beginning or end. Some examples of common digraphs are listed below. ch: chin and ouchsh: ship and pushth: thingth: thiswh: whenng: ringnk: rink Point out to your students that there are two sounds that th can make and be sure to provide plenty of examples. Diphthongs and Other Special Sounds A diphthong is essentially a digraph with vowels—it is formed when two vowels come together to create a new sound in a single syllable as the sound of the first vowel glides into the second. These are usually found in the middle of a word. See the list below for examples. oi: oil and toyow: owl and ouchey: rain Other special sounds include: short oo: took and pullaw: raw and haulzh: vision

Hnrs. Renaissance History Chapter 17 18 Study Guide

Hnrs. Renaissance History Chapter 17 18 Study Guide 1. The two most important influences on Enlightenment thought were who? John Locke and Isaac Newton 2. After 1688, Great Britain permitted religious toleration to which groups? Lutherans, Jews, and Muslims 3. This nation was significantly freer than any other European nation at the beginning of the Enlightenment. What nation is this? Great Britain 4. An expanding, literate public and the growing influence of secular printed materials created a new and increasing influential social force called what? public opinion 5. Written by Voltaire in English and later translated to French, this book praised the virtues of the English, especially their religious liberty, and†¦show more content†¦He/she forged a state that commanded the loyalty of the military, the junker nobility, the Lutheran clergy, and a growing bureaucracy? Frederick the Great 30. Monarchs associated with enlightened absolutism included all of the following rulers: Maria Theresa, Joseph II, Frederick the Great, C atherine II 31. Of all the rising states of the 18th century, this state was the most diverse in its people and problems. What is this state? Austria 32. Maria Theresa of Austria did all of the following: limited the amount of labor the nobility could demand from peasants; established a very efficient tax system; expanded primary education; created central councils to deal with political problems 33. Joseph II of Austria: sought to improve the productivity and social conditions of the peasantry 34. Catherine the Great of Russia did what? built a strong alliance with the nobility 35. As part of her territorial aspirations, Catherine the Great painlessly annexed what newly independent state in 1783? Crimea 36. King Louis XVI convened the Estates General in order to do what? raise tax revenues 37. The French parlements spoke for the interests of what group? The Aristocracy 38. He was responsible for the introduction of the revolutionary land tax that all landowners would have to pay re gardless of their social status. Who is he? Charles Alexandre de Calonne 39. The parliament of Paris declared that only

The market segmentation Free Essays

Market segmentation is the process of identifying markets and then dividing those markets into groups.   The groups consist of characteristics that are similar and they have similar product needs.   The groups can consist of people or organizations. We will write a custom essay sample on The market segmentation or any similar topic only for you Order Now A market consists of people or organizations that have similar needs of a product, have the ability, willingness and authority to buy products.   There are two types of markets the consumer market and the organizational or business market.   The purpose of the consumer market is to supply goods and services to the customers for their own benefit and not for sale.   The organizational or business markets are markets that are business oriented such as the products in the markets are usually sold thus the businessmen sell them for a profit. The reason behind the dividing the market is to identify groups of customers who have similar tastes and preferences, to understand the customers behavior so that the right kind of goods are delivered to them and to ensure that the right marketing strategies are identified so as to ensure that the different preferences chosen to satisfy the needs of the customers If a product can be from a particular company   whose cost of advertising is low thus   it can be   in a position to boost sales of a company   since the cost of maintaining it is low and their returns can increase with time.. Successful market segmentation is one that has the following characteristics: segment members that are internally the same and externally different or heterogeneous. The market can be segmented based on whether it is a consumer market or an industry or business market. In the customer market the basis of segmentation is based on variables such as the geographical, demographic, and psychographic and the behavioristic variables. The psychographic segmentation is a segmentation that is used to describe the customers in terms of their activities, opinions, emotions, values, motivations and lifestyles. These enables the producers of the products to know which product are beneficial to the customers in terms of their preferences and tastes.   The application of this segmentation enables the manufactures to improve on their mode of developing their products, brand positioning, targeting and advertising so that the sales volume of the product can increase and this can result in greater returns for the company. The demographic segmentation involves classifying people who come from the same geographic boundaries and those who possess the same goals for example in a banking industry the introduction of automatic teller machines can enhance efficiency in the business because it can enable the customers to access cash quickly and to enable them complete transactions promptly since the machine is located in a place where customers are many hence the service delivery process is efficient for this customers. Geographical segmentation refers to dividing segments based on their region of the world, country size and density of the area. In the rural areas we have products such as the farming equipment and material because they are mostly used there while the urban centers consists of products that have been produced and manufactured and are ready for consumption since the residents there do not have land to cultivate products for consumption for themselves and for their children. The market can be segmented in the industrial market using the following variables: Location, company type and the behavioral characteristics. In case of the location variable the businessmen consider this factor seriously because the distance between where the source of the product is made and the market can be too big such that the cost of transportation can be too high for the businessmen to afford and thus render the market to be unprofitable thus this issue should be addressed so that it can be eliminated in the future.   . In case of company type segment the customers can be classified according to the company size, industry, decision-making and the purchase criteria.   The customers can prefer a commodity based on how well the product has been in the market and whether the industry in which it is produced is known because customers tend to accept a product, which has been in the market for a long time. (Steenkamp and Ter Hofstede 2002) The behavioral characteristics in the industrial market are: usage rate means the frequency in which a product is consumed if it is high it means that its demand is high thus it supply is likely to be high for example goods such as the consumable’s such as salt ,sugar there is a likelihood of being demand many times because people cannot stay without them,   buying status that is customers who regularly consume a product   can make the target market to perform effectively because of their consistency in purchasing their products.The procedure of purchasing the product is also determined such as the sealed bids or negotiated procedure.   In the sealed bid procedures customers purchase a product based on the price tags of the product this type of segmentation is important to consider since it enables the produce to always have adequate stock of the product so as to avoid stock outs. The criteria that are used in identifying a market segment is that it must be identifiable that is a customer must be in a position to recognize the segment that is appropriate for them since customers tend to consume a product on the basis of how they have the product in the market and its quality.   It must be accessible that is the segment must be within the reach of the customers thus the communication and distribution channels must be improved so that the product reaches the customers within the given period of time that the marketers must advertise their products so that customers can be made aware of the existence of the product.. The segments must be substantial that is they must be large enough so that the resources that are used to avail them to the customers are cost effective that is the cost of product should not be too costly that is the cost of product should not be too large as compared to the revenue that is derived from them. The marketing needs must be unique so that they can be in position to capture a wider market so that customer can be able to change to the new brand in the market and thus increase the sales volume.   The segments must be stable so that the cost of maintaining the product is not too high than the returns that are derived from it. Industrial market segmentation is a segmentation that is used in guiding the industrial and business customers in their decision-making strategies.   The goal of these segmentation is to identify the customers in terms of whether they are potential customers so that their behavior can be identified so as to enable the marketers to identify the important issues that affect them directly .The factors that can affect them are: the prices, programs or solutions that can enable the company to increase their returns within a given period of time.( Haas, R.W. and Wotruba, T.R. 1983). Targeting refers to process of identifying segments that need to be addressed.   The companies tend to choose some segments and to downplay other segment because their aim is to look for segments that produce as much returns to the company as possible.   The target market involves people such as the end user companies’ procurement managers, company houses contracting companies and the external sales agents. Target audience involves individuals that influence the purchasing decision but they do not buy the product such individuals involves design engineers, architects, project managers, and the operational managers. The target markets can be identified by looking at customers who have similar needs so that the produces can channel their efforts to products that are beneficial to the customers and they suit their tastes and preferences. Positioning involves advertising the product value to customers so as to increase the products sales volume. Positions are described using various variables and using parameters that are essential to a customer.   The customers position a product in relation to the brand or product that is within their reach.   Thus it is important for the marketers to conduct a research about how the customers rate different products and their marketing variables so that they can increase their sales volume. The markers need to improve on their marketing variables so that they can improve on their marketing strategies because the customers can determine the success of the business.   The marketers should set up strategies which are geared to having a portfolio that can ensure that their product compete with. Positioning involves how people perceive a product that is in the market.   The products or services provide a map that enables the marketers to identify which characteristics can be compared and contrasted to another product that is competing with it so as to put in place mechanisms that will enable them to compete effectively with their rivals. Market segmentation is therefore necessary because it enables markets of different sizes to compete effectively since markets are divided based on their segments thus the small companies can be able to compete with the bigger companies since their scale of production is limited due to their size and the shelves where goods are displayed can not be in a position to accommodate all kinds of goods unlike the big companies whose economies of scale is high due to their size. REFERENCES Approaches†, (1980) Marketing Science Institute, Working Paper #80-105 Cambridge, Mass. Haas, R.W. and Wotruba, T.R. (1983). Marketing Management: Concepts, Practice And Cases. Pleno, Texas: Business Publications, Inc. Kotler, P. (1976) Marketing Management (3rd. Ed.). New Jersey: Prentice Hall. McKenna, R. (1988) â€Å"Marketing in the Age of Diversity†, Harvard Business Review, Vol 66, September-October. Pine, J. (1993) â€Å"Mass Customizing Products and Services†, Planning Review, Vol 22, July-August, Steenkamp and Ter Hofstede (2002)†International Market Segmentation issues and Perspectives†, Intern’s of Market Research Vol19, 185-285 Wedel, Michael and Wagner A.Kamakura (2000) Market Segmentation Conceptual and Methodological Foundations Amsterdam: Kluwer How to cite The market segmentation, Essay examples

Rock and Roll Hall of the Frame

Questions: This particular assignment is based on the application of Rock and roll Hall of the Frame and Museum revisited (BoveÃÅ' e Thill, 2012). The researcher of this particular museum is Todd Mesek. Todd Mesek asked the analyst to prepare a questionnaire based on the computer interactive about the weekday visitor as compared with weekend visitors. There are different kinds of factors, which the analyst needs to develop while conducting the research work and research procedure. (Kotler Armstrong, 2012).Q1) What is your age? Q2) What is your gender? Q3) Where do you stay? Q4) How frequently you visit to the museum? Q5) What are your views and recommendations on the proceedings of the museum? Based on the case study the analyst has developed these particular questions, which will help to relate the things in the research network Answers: a.The concept of the data collection method is very much important for any kind of management in order develop business plans and business strategies as per the requirements of the consumers. In the auditing procedure, the analyst will develop a set of questionnaire based on the key factors such as age of the visitors, family income of the visitors, locality of the visitors etc based on the research questions (Dignen McMaster, 2013). b.The second question is to determine the preparation of the right questions in order to support the entire auditing procedure with supportive information. This will include the concept of develop question based on the family income of the consumers, age of the visitors, locality of the visitors, etc (Guffey Loewy, 2013). Question 4 is very much important in this particular point. c.The analyst needs to develop all the question based on the research work and research procedure in a bias free manner (Murphy, Laczniak Prothero, 2012)d.The analyst needs to develop all the questions based on the research work and research procedure. Both open ended and close-ended question are required by the analyst to develop these questions (Kotler Armstrong, 2012). Open-ended questions means the required questions that the analyst needs to prepare in order to collect opinion form the visitors which is required for the development of the museum on the other hand the close ended questionnaire are required by the authority to gather different kinds of views on the proceedings of the business. The first four questions are open-ended questions. e.All the required questions, which are developed by the researcher covers both the concept of open ended and close ended areas of the management. Elimination is not required by the analyst to conduct the entire research work and research proceedings. All the questions are prepared by the researcher in order to complete the entire research proceedings based on the requirements of the research work (Guffey Loewy, 2013). Product Based on the current scenario and current structure the researcher has contracted the above questionnaire. This particular questionnaire will help the museum authority to develop all the major future strategies. The entire data collection procedure is very much helpful in the research proceedings. This particular case study is based on opening a yogurt store in Greenville, North Carolina. North Carolina is a part of United States. The researcher has been asked to conduct the research procedure to conclude about the feasibility of opening a frozen yogurt store in this particular area of the United States (Dignen McMaster, 2013). a. TCYB is one of the most popular Yogurt store in the entire United Sates based on the current statistical report of the Yogurt sale in this particular area the entire sales ration has increased up to 24 percent annually which is 37% of the entire annual production (Dignen McMaster, 2013). b.The cultural and demographic factor of this particular area is a bit different as compared with other areas of United States. The maximum population lies between the age group of 18 to 24 years. Around 40% of the entire population is in between this particular age group. This is a particular place, which will be ideal in order to organize the business structure of Yogurt (Locker Kienzler, 2013). |c. The per capita income of Carolina is nearly $24,745 per year. d. The name of the president of TCBY is Frank D. The address of the president of TCBY is 2425W.2D Street, Kings Brooklyn Network City, The Unites of America. This particular area of the United States has humid sub tropical climatic conditions. With hot summers and mild winters is the main character of the climatic conditions. Tropical cyclones, afternoon, and thunderstorm due to hot and humid conditions are very frequently. Tornado occasionally happens in the month of November (Dignen McMaster, 2013).There are 10,000 students are present in the East California university as per the statistical report of 2011.The concept of the yogurt is very much popular in the entire United States Nation. The marketing condition of the United States maintains a good infrastructure (Thill BoveÃÅ' e, 2013). The market share of TCBY tops $723 million as per the statistical report around 18% of the total market share of Yogurt in USA.The current journal relating to the present study is Fat is back. The rise of creamy yogurt in 2nd June 2015 which is a wall street journal (Byron, 2015).To show the daily sales of the small computer business, it is essent ial to use various visual aids such as Microsoft Excel and Microsoft PowerPoint, as these visual tools have various recommended and specialized features to represent the sales figure along with various other important statistics such as price, quantity and distribution channels.The person, who will be using those visual aid must follow certain rules such as avoid using lesser pointer.Many leading organizations and researchers all throughout the world appreciate this visual aid such as Microsoft PowerPoint (Kotler Armstrong, 2012). In addition, these visual aids have many features that make the presentation more attractive and interactive for attracting the attention of the audiences. This particular part is based on the data collection procedure of the company.Both Microsoft Excel and Microsoft PowerPoint have the functionality to represent the statistical figures, charts using pictorial format, which are unique and attractive for many users. The comparisons are very much negligibl e as compared with different sales record of the three quartile. The entire difference is only 5 percentThese aids all have the functionality to represent various statistical presentations for the users to follow. In addition, the visual aids are also useful in case if there is any need of sound or audio presentation. The office is build across the major cities of the United States.Finally, these visual aids have the functionality to prepare any calculation or statistical measurements accurately (Dignen McMaster, 2013). These visual aids are mostly compatible to all the windows systems. The sales volume has increased 15 percent as compared with previous year.Average annual rainfall is also determined by using this particular software. The major cities like New York have a rainfall of 1268 mm per season. Los Angles 326 mm and followed by Houston 1264mm per season. The following table shows the average rainfalls in the major cities of USA. Figure1: Average rainfall in the major cities of USA (Source: Currentresults.com, 2015) NAME: AGE: GENDER: OCCUPATION: ANNUAL INCOME: DO YOU HAVE A BANK ACCOUNT? DO YOU HAVE MORE THAN ONE BANK ACCOUNT? IN WHICH BANK YOU HAVE ACCOUNT(s)? ARE YOU A CREDIT OR DEBIT CARD HOLDER? DO YOU HAVE ANY INVESTMENT? HAVE YOU TAKEN ANY LOAN? IF YES, THEN WHAT TYPE OF LOAN YOU HAVE TAKEN? WHICH BANK WOULD YOU PREFER IN FUTURE? DO YOU HAVE ANY ACCOUNT IN TRI-CITY BANK? DO YOU HAVE ANY INVESTMENT IN TRI-CITY BANK? WHICH BANK DO YOU PREFER MOST? It is assumed that, the total number of respondents who checked each alternative is 50. a) To present the information in Question 1 that can be collected from the questionnaire, no table is needed. b) Cross tabulation is generally done to check the correlation between two or more categorical variable. Here a cross tabulation can be done between AGE, GENDER and OCCUPATION to check particularly which group in terms of age, gender and occupation have more banking habits. c) Question 4 in the questionnaire is about occupation of the respondents. The information related to this question can be represented in the following way, OCCUPATION NUMBER OF THE RESPONDENTS DIRECTOR 1 FINANCER 1 MAKEUP ARTIST 10 FLOOR MANAGER 10 ASSISTANT MANAGER 2 MAKE UP ARTIST 5 LIGHTMAN 7 FOOD MANAGER 2 CAMERA ARTIST 5 SECURITY GURD 2 The appropriate title of the table is OCCUPATION STRUCTUTRE OF THE BROADWAY PRODUCTION SECTION2: a) An effective talking heading is Job and an effective generic heading is Occupation. b) Effective topic sentence Job Structure of the Broadway Production. c) From the table it can be seen that, almost all the employees of the Broadway Production has small income. Therefore, it can be said that, the Tri-city Bank should offer some investment plan to these employees, which needs very minimum capital. d) Most of the employees now prefer to open account in the Tri-city bank as this bank offers more interest to the customers with relatively low income. In addition, this bank has some attractive investment plans, which the bank customers with very little income can afford. An example of such plan is by investing only 5 dollar per month, the customer can get 10000 dollar after 2 year. Due to the low premium rate, the employees of the Broadway production can access this investment plan. For these reasons, they have changed their banks. Reference List BoveÃÅ' e, C., Thill, J. (2012).Business communication today. Boston: Pearson. Byron, E. (2015).Fat is Back...The Rise of Creamy Yogurt.WSJ. Retrieved 5 September 2015, from https://www.wsj.com/articles/fat-is-back-the-rise-of-creamy-yogurt-1433274871 Currentresults.com, (2015).Average Annual Precipitation by City in the US - Current Results. [online] Available at: https://www.currentresults.com/Weather/US/average-annual-precipitation-by-city.php [Accessed 6 Sep. 2015]. Dignen, B., McMaster, I. (2013).Effective international business communication. London: Collins. Guffey, M., Loewy, D. (2013).Essentials of business communication. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Kotler, P., Armstrong, G. (2012).Principles of marketing. Boston: Pearson Prentice Hall. Locker, K., Kienzler, D. (2013).Business and administrative communication. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Moll, M. (2012).The quintessence of intercultural business communication. Berlin: Springer. Murphy, P., Laczniak, E., Prothero, A. (2012).Ethics in marketing. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. Thill, J., BoveÃÅ' e, C. (2013).Excellence in business communication. Boston: Pearson.