The 44 Phonemic Sounds in English for Spelling

When supporting children in learning the sounds of the English language, remember to choose words that demonstrate all 44 word-sounds or phonemes. English contains 19 vowel sounds—5 short vowels, 6 long vowels, 3 diphthongs, 2 oo sounds, and 3 r-controlled vowel sounds—and 25 consonant sounds. The following lists provide sample words to use when teaching the sounds of the English language. You may choose to find more words to fill out word families or align with sight vocabulary lists such as a Dolch Word List. Your learners will benefit most from terms that are familiar to them or make sense in their life. The 5 Short Vowel Sounds The five short vowel sounds in English are a, e, i, o, and u. short a: and, as, and aftershort e: pen, hen, and lendshort i: it and inshort o: top and hopshort u: under and cup Remember that these sounds are not necessarily indicative of spelling. Note that the above words all contain the vowel whose sound they make but this is not always the case. A word might sound as if it contains a certain vowel that is not there. Examples of words whose short vowel sounds do not correspond with their spelling are busy and does. The 6 Long Vowel Sounds The six long vowel sounds in English are a, e, i, o, u, and oo. long a: make and takelong e: beet and feetlong i: tie and lielong o: coat and toelong u (pronounced yoo): music and cutelong oo: goo and droop Examples of words whose long vowel sounds do not correspond with their spelling are they, try, fruit, and few. The R-Controlled Vowel Sounds An r-controlled vowel is a vowel whose sound is influenced by the r that comes before it. The three r-controlled vowel sounds are ar, er, and or. ar: bark and darker: her, bird, and furor: fork, pork, and stork It is important that students pay close attention to the er sound in words because it can be created by an r-controlled e, i, or u. These vowels are all transformed into the same sound when an r is attached to the end of them. More examples of this include better, first, and turn. The 18 Consonant Sounds The letters c, q, and x are not denoted by unique phonemes because they are found in other sounds. The c sound is covered by k sounds in words like crust, crunch, and create and by s sounds in words like cereal, city, and cent (the c is found in the spelling of these words only but does not have its own phoneme). The q sound is found in kw words like backward and Kwanza. The x sound is found in ks words like kicks. b: bed and badk: cat and kickd: dog and dipf: fat and figg: got and girlh: has and himj: job and jokel: lid and lovem: mop and mathn: not and nicep: pan and playr: ran and rakes: sit and smilet: to and takev: van and vinew: water and wenty: yellow and yawnz: zipper and zap The Blends Blends are formed when two or three letters combine to create a distinct consonant-sound, often at the beginning of a word. In a blend, the sounds from each original letter are still heard, they are just blended quickly and smoothly together. The following are common examples of blends. bl: blue and blowcl: clap and closefl: fly and flipgl: glue and glovepl: play and pleasebr: brown and breakcr: cry and crustdr: dry and dragfr: fry and freezegr: great and groundpr: prize and pranktr: tree and trysk: skate and skysl: slip and slapsp: spot and speedst: street and stopsw: sweet and sweaterspr: spray and springstr: stripe and strap The 7 Digraph Sounds A digraph is formed when two consonants come together to create an entirely new sound that is distinctly different from the sounds of the letters independently. These can be found anywhere in a word but most often the beginning or end. Some examples of common digraphs are listed below. ch: chin and ouchsh: ship and pushth: thingth: thiswh: whenng: ringnk: rink Point out to your students that there are two sounds that th can make and be sure to provide plenty of examples. Diphthongs and Other Special Sounds A diphthong is essentially a digraph with vowels—it is formed when two vowels come together to create a new sound in a single syllable as the sound of the first vowel glides into the second. These are usually found in the middle of a word. See the list below for examples. oi: oil and toyow: owl and ouchey: rain Other special sounds include: short oo: took and pullaw: raw and haulzh: vision

Hnrs. Renaissance History Chapter 17 18 Study Guide

Hnrs. Renaissance History Chapter 17 18 Study Guide 1. The two most important influences on Enlightenment thought were who? John Locke and Isaac Newton 2. After 1688, Great Britain permitted religious toleration to which groups? Lutherans, Jews, and Muslims 3. This nation was significantly freer than any other European nation at the beginning of the Enlightenment. What nation is this? Great Britain 4. An expanding, literate public and the growing influence of secular printed materials created a new and increasing influential social force called what? public opinion 5. Written by Voltaire in English and later translated to French, this book praised the virtues of the English, especially their religious liberty, and†¦show more content†¦He/she forged a state that commanded the loyalty of the military, the junker nobility, the Lutheran clergy, and a growing bureaucracy? Frederick the Great 30. Monarchs associated with enlightened absolutism included all of the following rulers: Maria Theresa, Joseph II, Frederick the Great, C atherine II 31. Of all the rising states of the 18th century, this state was the most diverse in its people and problems. What is this state? Austria 32. Maria Theresa of Austria did all of the following: limited the amount of labor the nobility could demand from peasants; established a very efficient tax system; expanded primary education; created central councils to deal with political problems 33. Joseph II of Austria: sought to improve the productivity and social conditions of the peasantry 34. Catherine the Great of Russia did what? built a strong alliance with the nobility 35. As part of her territorial aspirations, Catherine the Great painlessly annexed what newly independent state in 1783? Crimea 36. King Louis XVI convened the Estates General in order to do what? raise tax revenues 37. The French parlements spoke for the interests of what group? The Aristocracy 38. He was responsible for the introduction of the revolutionary land tax that all landowners would have to pay re gardless of their social status. Who is he? Charles Alexandre de Calonne 39. The parliament of Paris declared that only

The market segmentation Free Essays

Market segmentation is the process of identifying markets and then dividing those markets into groups.   The groups consist of characteristics that are similar and they have similar product needs.   The groups can consist of people or organizations. We will write a custom essay sample on The market segmentation or any similar topic only for you Order Now A market consists of people or organizations that have similar needs of a product, have the ability, willingness and authority to buy products.   There are two types of markets the consumer market and the organizational or business market.   The purpose of the consumer market is to supply goods and services to the customers for their own benefit and not for sale.   The organizational or business markets are markets that are business oriented such as the products in the markets are usually sold thus the businessmen sell them for a profit. The reason behind the dividing the market is to identify groups of customers who have similar tastes and preferences, to understand the customers behavior so that the right kind of goods are delivered to them and to ensure that the right marketing strategies are identified so as to ensure that the different preferences chosen to satisfy the needs of the customers If a product can be from a particular company   whose cost of advertising is low thus   it can be   in a position to boost sales of a company   since the cost of maintaining it is low and their returns can increase with time.. Successful market segmentation is one that has the following characteristics: segment members that are internally the same and externally different or heterogeneous. The market can be segmented based on whether it is a consumer market or an industry or business market. In the customer market the basis of segmentation is based on variables such as the geographical, demographic, and psychographic and the behavioristic variables. The psychographic segmentation is a segmentation that is used to describe the customers in terms of their activities, opinions, emotions, values, motivations and lifestyles. These enables the producers of the products to know which product are beneficial to the customers in terms of their preferences and tastes.   The application of this segmentation enables the manufactures to improve on their mode of developing their products, brand positioning, targeting and advertising so that the sales volume of the product can increase and this can result in greater returns for the company. The demographic segmentation involves classifying people who come from the same geographic boundaries and those who possess the same goals for example in a banking industry the introduction of automatic teller machines can enhance efficiency in the business because it can enable the customers to access cash quickly and to enable them complete transactions promptly since the machine is located in a place where customers are many hence the service delivery process is efficient for this customers. Geographical segmentation refers to dividing segments based on their region of the world, country size and density of the area. In the rural areas we have products such as the farming equipment and material because they are mostly used there while the urban centers consists of products that have been produced and manufactured and are ready for consumption since the residents there do not have land to cultivate products for consumption for themselves and for their children. The market can be segmented in the industrial market using the following variables: Location, company type and the behavioral characteristics. In case of the location variable the businessmen consider this factor seriously because the distance between where the source of the product is made and the market can be too big such that the cost of transportation can be too high for the businessmen to afford and thus render the market to be unprofitable thus this issue should be addressed so that it can be eliminated in the future.   . In case of company type segment the customers can be classified according to the company size, industry, decision-making and the purchase criteria.   The customers can prefer a commodity based on how well the product has been in the market and whether the industry in which it is produced is known because customers tend to accept a product, which has been in the market for a long time. (Steenkamp and Ter Hofstede 2002) The behavioral characteristics in the industrial market are: usage rate means the frequency in which a product is consumed if it is high it means that its demand is high thus it supply is likely to be high for example goods such as the consumable’s such as salt ,sugar there is a likelihood of being demand many times because people cannot stay without them,   buying status that is customers who regularly consume a product   can make the target market to perform effectively because of their consistency in purchasing their products.The procedure of purchasing the product is also determined such as the sealed bids or negotiated procedure.   In the sealed bid procedures customers purchase a product based on the price tags of the product this type of segmentation is important to consider since it enables the produce to always have adequate stock of the product so as to avoid stock outs. The criteria that are used in identifying a market segment is that it must be identifiable that is a customer must be in a position to recognize the segment that is appropriate for them since customers tend to consume a product on the basis of how they have the product in the market and its quality.   It must be accessible that is the segment must be within the reach of the customers thus the communication and distribution channels must be improved so that the product reaches the customers within the given period of time that the marketers must advertise their products so that customers can be made aware of the existence of the product.. The segments must be substantial that is they must be large enough so that the resources that are used to avail them to the customers are cost effective that is the cost of product should not be too costly that is the cost of product should not be too large as compared to the revenue that is derived from them. The marketing needs must be unique so that they can be in position to capture a wider market so that customer can be able to change to the new brand in the market and thus increase the sales volume.   The segments must be stable so that the cost of maintaining the product is not too high than the returns that are derived from it. Industrial market segmentation is a segmentation that is used in guiding the industrial and business customers in their decision-making strategies.   The goal of these segmentation is to identify the customers in terms of whether they are potential customers so that their behavior can be identified so as to enable the marketers to identify the important issues that affect them directly .The factors that can affect them are: the prices, programs or solutions that can enable the company to increase their returns within a given period of time.( Haas, R.W. and Wotruba, T.R. 1983). Targeting refers to process of identifying segments that need to be addressed.   The companies tend to choose some segments and to downplay other segment because their aim is to look for segments that produce as much returns to the company as possible.   The target market involves people such as the end user companies’ procurement managers, company houses contracting companies and the external sales agents. Target audience involves individuals that influence the purchasing decision but they do not buy the product such individuals involves design engineers, architects, project managers, and the operational managers. The target markets can be identified by looking at customers who have similar needs so that the produces can channel their efforts to products that are beneficial to the customers and they suit their tastes and preferences. Positioning involves advertising the product value to customers so as to increase the products sales volume. Positions are described using various variables and using parameters that are essential to a customer.   The customers position a product in relation to the brand or product that is within their reach.   Thus it is important for the marketers to conduct a research about how the customers rate different products and their marketing variables so that they can increase their sales volume. The markers need to improve on their marketing variables so that they can improve on their marketing strategies because the customers can determine the success of the business.   The marketers should set up strategies which are geared to having a portfolio that can ensure that their product compete with. Positioning involves how people perceive a product that is in the market.   The products or services provide a map that enables the marketers to identify which characteristics can be compared and contrasted to another product that is competing with it so as to put in place mechanisms that will enable them to compete effectively with their rivals. Market segmentation is therefore necessary because it enables markets of different sizes to compete effectively since markets are divided based on their segments thus the small companies can be able to compete with the bigger companies since their scale of production is limited due to their size and the shelves where goods are displayed can not be in a position to accommodate all kinds of goods unlike the big companies whose economies of scale is high due to their size. REFERENCES Approaches†, (1980) Marketing Science Institute, Working Paper #80-105 Cambridge, Mass. Haas, R.W. and Wotruba, T.R. (1983). Marketing Management: Concepts, Practice And Cases. Pleno, Texas: Business Publications, Inc. Kotler, P. (1976) Marketing Management (3rd. Ed.). New Jersey: Prentice Hall. McKenna, R. (1988) â€Å"Marketing in the Age of Diversity†, Harvard Business Review, Vol 66, September-October. Pine, J. (1993) â€Å"Mass Customizing Products and Services†, Planning Review, Vol 22, July-August, Steenkamp and Ter Hofstede (2002)†International Market Segmentation issues and Perspectives†, Intern’s of Market Research Vol19, 185-285 Wedel, Michael and Wagner A.Kamakura (2000) Market Segmentation Conceptual and Methodological Foundations Amsterdam: Kluwer How to cite The market segmentation, Essay examples

Rock and Roll Hall of the Frame

Questions: This particular assignment is based on the application of Rock and roll Hall of the Frame and Museum revisited (BoveÃÅ' e Thill, 2012). The researcher of this particular museum is Todd Mesek. Todd Mesek asked the analyst to prepare a questionnaire based on the computer interactive about the weekday visitor as compared with weekend visitors. There are different kinds of factors, which the analyst needs to develop while conducting the research work and research procedure. (Kotler Armstrong, 2012).Q1) What is your age? Q2) What is your gender? Q3) Where do you stay? Q4) How frequently you visit to the museum? Q5) What are your views and recommendations on the proceedings of the museum? Based on the case study the analyst has developed these particular questions, which will help to relate the things in the research network Answers: a.The concept of the data collection method is very much important for any kind of management in order develop business plans and business strategies as per the requirements of the consumers. In the auditing procedure, the analyst will develop a set of questionnaire based on the key factors such as age of the visitors, family income of the visitors, locality of the visitors etc based on the research questions (Dignen McMaster, 2013). b.The second question is to determine the preparation of the right questions in order to support the entire auditing procedure with supportive information. This will include the concept of develop question based on the family income of the consumers, age of the visitors, locality of the visitors, etc (Guffey Loewy, 2013). Question 4 is very much important in this particular point. c.The analyst needs to develop all the question based on the research work and research procedure in a bias free manner (Murphy, Laczniak Prothero, 2012)d.The analyst needs to develop all the questions based on the research work and research procedure. Both open ended and close-ended question are required by the analyst to develop these questions (Kotler Armstrong, 2012). Open-ended questions means the required questions that the analyst needs to prepare in order to collect opinion form the visitors which is required for the development of the museum on the other hand the close ended questionnaire are required by the authority to gather different kinds of views on the proceedings of the business. The first four questions are open-ended questions. e.All the required questions, which are developed by the researcher covers both the concept of open ended and close ended areas of the management. Elimination is not required by the analyst to conduct the entire research work and research proceedings. All the questions are prepared by the researcher in order to complete the entire research proceedings based on the requirements of the research work (Guffey Loewy, 2013). Product Based on the current scenario and current structure the researcher has contracted the above questionnaire. This particular questionnaire will help the museum authority to develop all the major future strategies. The entire data collection procedure is very much helpful in the research proceedings. This particular case study is based on opening a yogurt store in Greenville, North Carolina. North Carolina is a part of United States. The researcher has been asked to conduct the research procedure to conclude about the feasibility of opening a frozen yogurt store in this particular area of the United States (Dignen McMaster, 2013). a. TCYB is one of the most popular Yogurt store in the entire United Sates based on the current statistical report of the Yogurt sale in this particular area the entire sales ration has increased up to 24 percent annually which is 37% of the entire annual production (Dignen McMaster, 2013). b.The cultural and demographic factor of this particular area is a bit different as compared with other areas of United States. The maximum population lies between the age group of 18 to 24 years. Around 40% of the entire population is in between this particular age group. This is a particular place, which will be ideal in order to organize the business structure of Yogurt (Locker Kienzler, 2013). |c. The per capita income of Carolina is nearly $24,745 per year. d. The name of the president of TCBY is Frank D. The address of the president of TCBY is 2425W.2D Street, Kings Brooklyn Network City, The Unites of America. This particular area of the United States has humid sub tropical climatic conditions. With hot summers and mild winters is the main character of the climatic conditions. Tropical cyclones, afternoon, and thunderstorm due to hot and humid conditions are very frequently. Tornado occasionally happens in the month of November (Dignen McMaster, 2013).There are 10,000 students are present in the East California university as per the statistical report of 2011.The concept of the yogurt is very much popular in the entire United States Nation. The marketing condition of the United States maintains a good infrastructure (Thill BoveÃÅ' e, 2013). The market share of TCBY tops $723 million as per the statistical report around 18% of the total market share of Yogurt in USA.The current journal relating to the present study is Fat is back. The rise of creamy yogurt in 2nd June 2015 which is a wall street journal (Byron, 2015).To show the daily sales of the small computer business, it is essent ial to use various visual aids such as Microsoft Excel and Microsoft PowerPoint, as these visual tools have various recommended and specialized features to represent the sales figure along with various other important statistics such as price, quantity and distribution channels.The person, who will be using those visual aid must follow certain rules such as avoid using lesser pointer.Many leading organizations and researchers all throughout the world appreciate this visual aid such as Microsoft PowerPoint (Kotler Armstrong, 2012). In addition, these visual aids have many features that make the presentation more attractive and interactive for attracting the attention of the audiences. This particular part is based on the data collection procedure of the company.Both Microsoft Excel and Microsoft PowerPoint have the functionality to represent the statistical figures, charts using pictorial format, which are unique and attractive for many users. The comparisons are very much negligibl e as compared with different sales record of the three quartile. The entire difference is only 5 percentThese aids all have the functionality to represent various statistical presentations for the users to follow. In addition, the visual aids are also useful in case if there is any need of sound or audio presentation. The office is build across the major cities of the United States.Finally, these visual aids have the functionality to prepare any calculation or statistical measurements accurately (Dignen McMaster, 2013). These visual aids are mostly compatible to all the windows systems. The sales volume has increased 15 percent as compared with previous year.Average annual rainfall is also determined by using this particular software. The major cities like New York have a rainfall of 1268 mm per season. Los Angles 326 mm and followed by Houston 1264mm per season. The following table shows the average rainfalls in the major cities of USA. Figure1: Average rainfall in the major cities of USA (Source: Currentresults.com, 2015) NAME: AGE: GENDER: OCCUPATION: ANNUAL INCOME: DO YOU HAVE A BANK ACCOUNT? DO YOU HAVE MORE THAN ONE BANK ACCOUNT? IN WHICH BANK YOU HAVE ACCOUNT(s)? ARE YOU A CREDIT OR DEBIT CARD HOLDER? DO YOU HAVE ANY INVESTMENT? HAVE YOU TAKEN ANY LOAN? IF YES, THEN WHAT TYPE OF LOAN YOU HAVE TAKEN? WHICH BANK WOULD YOU PREFER IN FUTURE? DO YOU HAVE ANY ACCOUNT IN TRI-CITY BANK? DO YOU HAVE ANY INVESTMENT IN TRI-CITY BANK? WHICH BANK DO YOU PREFER MOST? It is assumed that, the total number of respondents who checked each alternative is 50. a) To present the information in Question 1 that can be collected from the questionnaire, no table is needed. b) Cross tabulation is generally done to check the correlation between two or more categorical variable. Here a cross tabulation can be done between AGE, GENDER and OCCUPATION to check particularly which group in terms of age, gender and occupation have more banking habits. c) Question 4 in the questionnaire is about occupation of the respondents. The information related to this question can be represented in the following way, OCCUPATION NUMBER OF THE RESPONDENTS DIRECTOR 1 FINANCER 1 MAKEUP ARTIST 10 FLOOR MANAGER 10 ASSISTANT MANAGER 2 MAKE UP ARTIST 5 LIGHTMAN 7 FOOD MANAGER 2 CAMERA ARTIST 5 SECURITY GURD 2 The appropriate title of the table is OCCUPATION STRUCTUTRE OF THE BROADWAY PRODUCTION SECTION2: a) An effective talking heading is Job and an effective generic heading is Occupation. b) Effective topic sentence Job Structure of the Broadway Production. c) From the table it can be seen that, almost all the employees of the Broadway Production has small income. Therefore, it can be said that, the Tri-city Bank should offer some investment plan to these employees, which needs very minimum capital. d) Most of the employees now prefer to open account in the Tri-city bank as this bank offers more interest to the customers with relatively low income. In addition, this bank has some attractive investment plans, which the bank customers with very little income can afford. An example of such plan is by investing only 5 dollar per month, the customer can get 10000 dollar after 2 year. Due to the low premium rate, the employees of the Broadway production can access this investment plan. For these reasons, they have changed their banks. Reference List BoveÃÅ' e, C., Thill, J. (2012).Business communication today. Boston: Pearson. Byron, E. (2015).Fat is Back...The Rise of Creamy Yogurt.WSJ. Retrieved 5 September 2015, from https://www.wsj.com/articles/fat-is-back-the-rise-of-creamy-yogurt-1433274871 Currentresults.com, (2015).Average Annual Precipitation by City in the US - Current Results. [online] Available at: https://www.currentresults.com/Weather/US/average-annual-precipitation-by-city.php [Accessed 6 Sep. 2015]. Dignen, B., McMaster, I. (2013).Effective international business communication. London: Collins. Guffey, M., Loewy, D. (2013).Essentials of business communication. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Kotler, P., Armstrong, G. (2012).Principles of marketing. Boston: Pearson Prentice Hall. Locker, K., Kienzler, D. (2013).Business and administrative communication. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Moll, M. (2012).The quintessence of intercultural business communication. Berlin: Springer. Murphy, P., Laczniak, E., Prothero, A. (2012).Ethics in marketing. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. Thill, J., BoveÃÅ' e, C. (2013).Excellence in business communication. Boston: Pearson.

Traditions and Encounters free essay sample

The Evolution of Homo sapiens Paleolithic Society The Neolithic Era and the Transition to Agriculture The Hominids Australopithecus: Developed in Africa 4 million to 1 million years ago Bipedal, able to plan Journeys (about 10 miles long), brain size 500 cc Part of brain used for speech underdeveloped Homo erectus: Lived 2 million to 200,000 years ago (after Australopithecus) Brain size 1000 cc, wielded fire Communicated with sounds (no language yet), Journeyed outside east and south Africa Homo sapiens More developed in frontal lobe, found ways to use Earths resources Found ways to se vocal cords to communicate 1 50,000 years ago, let them report more complex messages With languages, they were able to establish stationary homes around the world, moved across temperate zones Human population started to grow exponentially about 60,000 to 50,000 years ago Homo sapiens (continued) Crossed land bridges into Australia 60,000 years ago, crossed form Siberia into Alaska 25,000 years ago Mig rated with animals Used tools to control surroundings, wore animal skin and used fire to keep warm Brought pressure on some animals and even drove others into extinction Archaeologists study hunting and gathering societies today to gain insight on Paleolithic people Couldnt collect wealth, followed migration of animals, lived equal Men hunted and women gathered, had 30 to 50 members (if too big, wouldnt be able to provide for everyone) Understood environment, made weapons to hunt big animals, a group of men attacked the animal at the same time Paleolithic Culture Neandertal people not Just focused on survival, reflective thought was shown through burial Traded and lived in close proximity with Homo sapiens, little interbreeding Homo sapiens more creative than Neandertals, information was passed down (there was no need for trial and error) Were able to acquire more information 200,000 years ago stone blades 140,000 years ago learned to sustain themselves on shellfish 110,000 years ago learned how to catch fish in deep waters 50,000 years ago made beads and paintings 10,000 years ago made bow and arrow Economy and Society of Hunting and Gathering Peoples (continued) When food was abundant, established permanent settlements Most dominant: Jomon in in Japan Chinook in NW North America Paleolithic Culture (continued) Made Venus fgurines, small sculptures of women Exaggerated sexual features, shows interest in fertility Also made cave paintings, date from 34,000 to 12,000 years ago, most in southern France and Northern Spain Either to make cave prettier or capture the spirit of the animlas they hunted Showed higher order of thinking The Origins of Agriculture Tool production and agriculture distinguished Neolithic from Paleolithic After the ice ages, agriculture possible Women cultivated plants and men herded animals 9000 B. We will write a custom essay sample on Traditions and Encounters or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page C. E. SW Asia planted wheat and barley, 9000 B. C. E. Africans in Sahara yams and okra, 6500 B. C. E. east Asia grew rice and soybeans, 4000 B. C. E. Mesoamerica grew corn, 3000 B. C. E. Peru cultivated potatoes Used slash-and-burn agriculture, spread around Eastern and Western Hemisphere Travelers spread seeds around world, labor intensive (most likely spent 4 hours a day doing agricultural activities) Early Agricultural Society More food meant more people, had to make villages Specialization of labor emerged (making pots, beads, leather, and baskets), improved ools Three types of crafts : Pottery needed to store food in pots, by 7000 B. C. E. fgured out how to make clay, drew designs on the pot and then painted them with glaze Metalworking Made jewelry and simple tools, by 5000 B. C. E. earned how to raise the temperatures of their furnaces, with smelting and casting able to make weapons Textile Production used selective breeding of plants to make long fibers, women spun and weaved them while watching children Able to accumulate wealth, formed social classes Neolithic Culture Farmers noted natural world (like seasons), surviv al depended on predicting weather and seasons Associated positions of sun, moon, and stars with the seasons, first steps toward calender Neolithic gods represent birth, life, and death Economy and Society of Hunting and Gathering Peoples The Origins of Urban Life Lived in dense populated areas, farming done outside town Cities differed from villages in two ways: Larger population, professional crafters and cultural specialists Influenced large regions, marketplaces, traded over long distances, and claimed land in hinterlands

How is the SAT different from a high school test

How is the SAT different from a high school test SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Obviously, the main differences between the SAT and the classroom test is that the SAT is much longer and much more important. In order to understand the more subtle differences between high school assessment and the SAT, we’re going to look at the inherent differences between theclassroom and the SAT test room. The Classroom The test maker: The person who makes your test is the person responsible for teaching and assigning all the material covered in the class. If the teacher is concerned about students listening, he or she might include questions specifically from lectures. Likewise, if the reading is especially challenging, a test might include a question from some of the harder parts that will stump many students. The bottom line, however, is that the teacher is in complete control of the coursework, the classroom, making the test and scoring it. The test length: Most class periods are an hour long, and many students’ attention spans are much shorter. Thus, the high school test tends to be an hour long or less, and this makes it much easier than the SAT. The test content: This is where the high school test differs most greatly from any standardized test. The high school teacher is in total control of both the curriculum and the test, as well as answering students’ questions about gaps between the two after grading. This centralized control allows for any mistakes to be corrected after the test is given, as well as for the material to coincide perfectly with what’s been taught. The SAT The test maker: The authors of the SAT have the huge job of trying to summarize all necessary college skills and content in a 4-hour test. More limiting, though, is the need for the test to remain as fair and consistent as possible. So while a teacher can just omit questions that weren’t covered in class, the SAT must ask about the exact same skills in every test until it announces a redesign that will give all students a fair chance at mastering the new test. The test length: The SAT is trying to test every aspect of academic college readiness, so it’s a long test. Duh. Even with breaks, sitting at a desk for that long is difficult and stressful for most students. Fortunately, practice can help with this discomfort as well as running out of time on specific sections, but the length remains an obstacle for many on the SAT. The test content: The SAT claims to test a stable set of skills and content that indicate students’ readiness for college academics. This means that the same types of questions show up year after year, testing the same material, regardless of the progress made by individual classes, schools, districts, counties, or even states. If your state’s overall grades and statewide testing scores drop one year, the SAT will be the same. This creates gaps in knowledge for many students, especially at schools in low-income districts, where limited resources make effective learning for every student especially difficult. The Biggest Difference: Format and Preparation The content challenge has also led the SAT to a quite odd question format, in an attempt to eliminate any possible technicalities that might make the test unfair. At PrepScholar, our hundreds of hours of examining the test has made clear very specific standards that the SAT always follows to be completely precise and correct every time, from using the word â€Å"mostly† and â€Å"primarily† a lot to including complex instructions at the start of every section. Thus, while your teacher can explain his or her test questions’ format (and they are unlikely to change over the tests you take in the course), in the SAT you’ve got one chance, and they have to cram all that extra info into the test itself. And if you’ve got questions about it on test day, tough luck. If you found this article useful, please consider joining our email list at right. Your information will never be shared or sold. Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Laura Registrato About the Author Laura has over a decade of teaching experience at leading universities and scored a perfect score on the SAT. Get Free Guides to Boost Your SAT/ACT Get FREE EXCLUSIVE insider tips on how to ACE THE SAT/ACT. 100% Privacy. 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Managed Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Managed Care - Essay Example In other words, managed care organizations mean two things: health insurance and delivery health care at relatively low rates. There are different types of managed care organizations. Some of them are as following: 1. Health Maintenance Organization (HMO): This is tipped as the first form of managed care. HMOs refer to organization wherein insuranceplans, hospitals and physicians are either closely related or are a part of the same organization. An important example of HMO is Permanente. An HMO has completely charge of the hospital including the salaries paid to the doctors In case of emergency, patients using the HMO plan have to use the plan affiliated care provider. The biggest advantage of the HMO plan is that it offers a fixed amount of money that can be spent on the patient. This in its own restricts the patients and physicians and they tend to opt for the most cost effective treatment or drug. Thus, one ends up paying less for an HMO plan compared to the rest. The biggest disa dvantage also emanates from its biggest advantage. HMO plans tend to focus more on cost control then the quality of care. 2. Fee-for-Service or FFS: This type of plan gives a lot of liberty to the patient. It gives them the freedom to choose their preferred doctor or health care provider. Physicians then get the fee for each and every service including the visit, the procedure and the tests. However, here freedom does not trump cost. Patients opting for this type of plan end up paying more. 3. Independent Practice Association, or IPA: In this kind of association, physicians are completely empowered. They can have patient from the HMO and FFS plans. 4. Preferred Provider Organization, or PPO: In this type of plan, the rates are low but physicians get more patients to deal with. This kind of plan works both ways. Patients not just get better care and freedom but they also get it at lower rates. On the other hand physicans get more business. Both sides benefit in this type of plan. 5. Point of Service Plans, or POS. This type of plan resembles the HMO plan in many ways. Here the doctors do not have to work in specific hospitals. They tend to receive compensations based on the number of patients they are handling per year. It is per patient per year compensation. References Managed Care Magazine (2000). Capitation Rates See Large Boost. Retrieved on July 26, 2010 from http://www.managedcaremag.com/archives/0012/0012.compmon.html. Managed Care Magazine (2000). Capitation: an update. Retrieved on July 26, 2010 from http://www.managedcaremag.com/archives/0005/0005.compmon.html. Managed Care Magazine (2000). Physician Financial Incentives: Another UM Tool Bites the Dust. Retrieved on J

Saudi Arabia and the World Trade Organization Term Paper

Saudi Arabia and the World Trade Organization - Term Paper Example On the face of it, membership in the WTO means, primarily and for the most part, a reduction in tariffs, increase in foreign investment, and the importing and exporting of products and services on a level never before seen in the country. A deeper analysis shows that this has led and will continue to lead to fundamental changes in the basic business and financial structures within the kingdom, which has had an almost immediate effect on the cultural and social policies and attitudes within the Saudi Arabia. In order to attain a better understanding of these policies and what Saudi Arabia's membership in the WTO means for global enterprise and free trade we will need to consider the following three areas of analysis: 1) The economic, political and social conditions which existed just prior to Saudis accession into the WTO and the motivations that prompted them to initiate the process, 2) The obligations and stipulations of membership in the WTO for Saudi Arabia and what changes this h as led to both internally to Saudi Arabia and externally in the rest of the world, and 3) The ramifications of this accession in the long-term for global enterprise and free trade in other parts of the world. ... II. WTO Background It is important initially to highlight some of the features of the WTO in general that have precipitated many of the important changes in Saudi Arabia and how the WTO sees itself as more than a simple trade agreement and why this perspective is important for global enterprise. The successor organization to General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs (GATT), in 1982 the so-called Uruguay Round of negotiations set the stage for the promulgation of the WTO. Designed to set best practices for international trade, offering a comprehensive and robust forum for trade-related negotiations as well as a dispute resolving mechanism, the WTO has expanded its role via the Doha agenda (WTO 2007) and not only sees itself as regulating body for trade but as a body that seeks to grow and develop multilateral enterprise and global trade of its member nations. This includes but is not limited to offering technical assistance to the least-developed countries within the WTO, promoting agricultural and private sector development in such countries as well as creating favorable circumstances to encourage specific types of trade with certain developing states. This expanded mission has had many positive results for both developed and developing nations as this allows for more fruitful engagement with countries along multiple lines of trade such as in Saudi Arabia, for example, where these policies have promoted growth and commerce in non-oil related sectors. This commitment is in-line with WTO's general mission as a body created to liberalize global enterprise and this liberalization has been the focal point for much of the debate in kingdom of Saudi Arabia. III. Prior to the WTO It

Cat People Psychoanalytic Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cat People Psychoanalytic Analysis - Essay Example This incredible heritage reflects greatest, deepest and therefore most important components of our life. Carl Jung life’s work provided his readers all across the world with great meditations on the matter of life and death, violence and love, soul, spirit, purpose of human existence and even further away in the sphere of unconscious and therefore out of time and space, deeper than scientific approach somewhere on the threshold of religious patterns and philosophical discoveries. â€Å"Cat People† is named horror movie but it`s not a real horror from the cinematic point of view. From that point it is more of a psychological thriller and psychology in this film is exactly the prism through which it will be discussed. The plot of the film briefly consists of interactions between 4 people which are: Irena (main heroine), Oliver Reed (her admirer and later husband), Dr. Louis Judd (psychiatrist of the main heroine) and Alice (Oliver’s co-worker and later lover). Main heroine sees herself a descendant of the ancient mystical evil-worshippers who are half cats and half people. Long time ago these people have been punished for their blasphemy and even killed but some of them escaped to the woods. Our heroine tells it to her admirer Oliver whom she meets. Despite it is being truth (though only for the aesthetical effect and more as an allegory) he says that she is too imaginative and therefore it’s all just a silly fantasy. Then they agree to marry each other and this serves as a movie’s starting point of interest because if woman says that she feels like some living creature (panther) lives in her and can break out in the moment of the most passionate and intimate expression (sexu al orgasm) and her lover agrees to marry her then eventually almost anyone would wait for further conflict. This conflict doesn’t make viewer wait for him too long (film is really short) with Alice who is Oliver’s co-worker becoming a reason for Irena’s

Importance Of Tropical Rainforests Environmental Sciences Essay

Importance Of Tropical Rainforests Environmental Sciences Essay Recently the global climate changed anomalies, the temperature rise a lot in many countries in Europe, heat wave, hurricane caused many deaths in America, even Asia appear anomalous July snow weather and We all know that it is causing by climate change. For regulating climate, Rainforest play an important role, the destruction of tropical rainforest which is the most serious eco development problems encountered in recent decades. These tropical rainforest is not only for a variety of animals, plants, and insects, an important for living perches off environment and tropical rainforests are also closely associated with climate change. Human as short-sighted and completely selfishness , felling a large number of rainforests, not only will destroy the natural environment which makes a variety of biological extinction, and climate changed, the last human will peril. Location and distribution Tropical rainforests are located along the equator. Mostly between the Tropic of Capricorn and Tropic of Cancer, This distance is thus called the band of the tropics. Solar energy will be most intense in this area because the sun will shin directly onto this area without giving an angle to it. The sun will shine all year long, about 12 hours a day thus providing enough energy for plants to do photosynthesis. The rainforests are distributed in South and Central America, Africa, Oceania (the island around Australia), and Asia. Although widely distributed, tropical rainforests cover only 7% of the earths surface. Climate Tropical forests are usually warm year around with temperatures from 72-93F. This is with the exception of cloud forest, which is usually cooler because of its high elevation. The temperature of the tropical rainforests usually stays the same all years long only with a small fluctuation that is only about 0.5F throughout the year. There is a high amount of cloud covering the tropical rainforests, which will result in the high humidity. This huge amount of cloud will also prevent the plants from dying out during the time of the year when rainfall is not as much. Because it will make the air moist and wet for the plants. Tropical rainforests are high rainfall. It was the rainfall that they experience each year them into the unique characteristics. The usual rainfall day is about 130-250 days per year and the humidity will always stay about 80%. The variation of the temperature of tropical rainforests is also very small between day and night, usually about 10F. Due to the huge amount of rainfall, tropical rainforest will not experience hot or cold seasons throughout the year, but it will experience wet and dry seasons. The humidity of tropical rainforests is resulted by the rainfall, constant cloud over, and transpiration of the leaves. Some larger rainforests contribute to the formation of train clouds, and generates about 75% of their own rain. The Deforestation of tropical rainforest Rainforests, being the earths greatest biological treasure, are important to us. However, we human being are losing more than half of it now. Unfortunately, in order to have access to resources such as wood, in order to create can be used for other purposes of the tropical rainforest land, deciduous forest and subjected to rapid destruction of today. Now, in the aftermath of the history of the tropical rain forest is the largest and the fastest pace of Habitat change and species extinction. Deforestation increases the amount of carbon dioxide and other pollutions in the atmosphere. The environmental experts estimated that we are losing 138 plants, insect species and animals in every single day due to rainforest deforestation. The importance of tropical rainforest: Regulating climate features: Rainforest will absorb carbon dioxide and produce oxygen, oxygen on Earth by 40% of the total, are transmitted through the tropical rainforest in the Amazon area. Tropical rainforest is only a small surface of the Earth, yet it is influence of the air that we breathe and climate in the world. For instance, plants and trees in the manufacture of food will absorb CO2 and release oxygen, but humans and other animals and plants that depend on this oxygen to breathe. Therefore, the tropical rainforest is playing a very important role to make a balance in the maintenance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. But today the human multitude fossil fuels, a large number of harvested wood, resulting in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations increase in allows incoming solar radiation, the Earths surface is then reflected out of the cumulative heat is the average global temperature rise, causing serious greenhouse effect. Rainforest can regulation regional rainfall, it is like a giant sponge, during rain, trees absorbed most of the moisture, the moisture absorption by root to the leaf surface to allow water to water vapor forms released into the air. After the water vapor formed a cloud, then become rains, rain formation brings the life to the arid place. If the rainforest is felled, cloud formation and precipitation will also decrease; so many places there will be loss of drought and crop harvest. The impact of climate The destruction of tropical rainforest will cause global climate changes, as mentioned earlier, the forest will absorb carbon dioxide, and emit oxygen, when rainforest felled, earth will lose this functionality, and increased concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere make the greenhouse effect, which causing the lower atmosphere global average warming 1.5-3 Â ° c, the Arctic region is warmer. In addition to regulating the climate, forests increased rainfall, loss of forests is also drought will happen. people should wake up, think about tropical rainforests is not just for themselves, but for other species and resources can make a sustainable living on earth, so we should make some action to protect our rainforest: for example, the government can establishment of a national park or national scenic area, protected flora and fauna, or act may be more stringent, control valve forest activities. And the most important is educate people, instill ecological knowledge, let us understand that the protection of tropical rainforests. For individual, people avoid the use the wood products as far as possible. Also, encouraged to use of recycled products and support for environmental protection. Conclusion: Tropical rainforests are important resources that could not be replaced. By destroying the tropical rainforests, we are destroying the ecosystem and environment, which in turn threaten the human species ourselves. Laws should be enforced to help in the preservation of tropical rainforests.

Tabloids: A Representation of what we consider News Essay example -- E

Tabloids: A Representation of what we consider News Why is it that every time we see that someone is keeping a journal we have that gut urge to sneak into their bag and read all of their innermost thoughts? We all experience it. Although most want to deny it, there is no escaping that part of us that wants to know all we can about other people. Luckily, there is a medium that lets us do just that. Tabloids make the lives of others, especially celebrities, an open book for all to read and scrutinize. Not only do tabloids offer the lives of others on a silver platter, but they also let readers get sensational satisfaction, meaning they have the ability to be actively involved in articles with all their senses. Emotional stories, graphic images, terrifying fantastic epics, the lives of others, are all presented to readers in one convenient medium; the tabloid. The tabloid is not a new medium whatsoever, in fact the model for the modern tabloid dates all the way back to folklore. Before the printing press was introduced into society, oral storytelling was the only way society satisfied their craving for scandal and thrilling stories. People spoke about their neighbor’s business and far-fetched happenings, and the only way to pass those stories on was to tell the story. Just like a game of telephone that we have all played in grade school, stories ended up changing and being misconstrued to later form urban legends that we still hear about today. It wasn’t until Johann Gutenberg introduced the printing press in the 1450’s that the ancestors of tabloids truly emerged in a form that specifically helped to shape the modern tabloid we see today. America and Europe experienced a monumental transformation because... ...bloid Tales: Global Debates over Media Standards. Maryland: Roman & Littlefield Publishers, 2000. Sloan, Bill. â€Å"I Watched a Wild Hog Eat My Baby!† A Colorful History of Tabloids and Their Cultural Impact. New York: Prometheus Books. 2001 Lumby, Catherine and Elspeth Probyn. RemoteControl: New Media, New Ethics. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003. Cuozzo, Steven. Its Alive! How America’s Oldest Newspaper Cheated Death and Why is Matters. New York: Random House, 1996. Bird, Elizabeth S. For Enquiring Minds: A Cultural Study of Supermarket Tabloids. Tennesse: Undecided of Tennessee, 1992. Yalof, David and Kenneth Dautrich. The First Amendment and the Media in the Court of Public Opinion. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002. Barkin, Steve M. The Journalist Storyteller: A Interdisciplinary Perspective. American Journalism Vol 1. 1984.